The Role of Human Development Index (HDI) and Population Growth in Improving Food Security from the Perspective of Defense Economics in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjss.v4i1.126Keywords:
Houthi Attacks, Red Sea, Maritime Security, Middle East Conflict, Global TradeAbstract
The issue of Indonesia's Human Development Index (HDI) has shown a consistent upward trend in recent years, accompanied by continuous population growth. Food security plays a crucial role in maintaining national stability, particularly in addressing hybrid threats that integrate both military and non-military dimensions, such as food crises and social unrest. This study aims to examine the impact of the Human Development Index and Population Growth on food security from 2019 to 2023. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from 34 provinces in Indonesia. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The findings indicate that the t-test probability value for the Human Development Index is 0.0000, which is below the significance threshold of 0.05, signifying a direct impact on food security. In contrast, the probability value for Population Growth is 0.3189, exceeding 0.05, indicating no direct influence on food security. Moreover, the F-test results suggest that the Human Development Index and Population Growth collectively influence food security, with 91.06% of the variance explained by these variables, while the remaining 8.94% is attributed to other factors
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