Optimizing Building Maintenance Strategies Using Visual Evaluation and Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Abstract

 This study focuses on optimizing maintenance strategies for the Civil Engineering Department lecture building at Manado State Polytechnic by integrating Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). The research was conducted through field inspections using RVS FEMA P-154 guidelines, supported by non-destructive tests such as Schmidt Hammer and Total Station measurements to evaluate material strength, verticality, and horizontality. Data on maintenance costs were collected from repair budgets in 2023–2024 and categorized into five preventive packages: ceiling safety, façade/canopy anchorage, glass/ventilation reinforcement, protective finishing, and electrical/evacuation improvements. Three alternative strategies were simulated: S0 (reactive), S1 (preventive), and S2 (minor retrofit). Results show that although the building is structurally sound, several non-structural elements such as canopies, façades, and ceilings present significant risks if not properly maintained. The LCCA revealed that the minor retrofit strategy (S2) provided the lowest net present value (NPV = Rp. 215,241,942.92 over 15 years) while significantly reducing expected annual risk compared to reactive and preventive approaches. The study concludes that implementing S2 as the baseline strategy ensures optimal safety, cost efficiency, and sustainability for educational building maintenance.