The EU's TRIPS Plus Proposal in I-EU CEPA: Implications for Drug Access in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v4i6.338Keywords:
Drug Access, I-EU CEPA, Intellectual Property, Free Trade Agreement, TRIPS PlusAbstract
The European Union is proposing intellectual property protection provisions in a special chapter of the Indonesia-European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (I-EU CEPA) trade agreement that contain standards above the minimum TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) provisions, otherwise known as TRIPS Plus. The proposed clauses include patent term extension, data and market exclusivity, patent linkage to marketing agreements, and parallel import restrictions. This article aims to analyze the implications of the proposal on access to medicines in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach through a descriptive-exploratory method, this study relies on secondary data from negotiation documents, policy reports, and academic publications. The findings show that the implementation of TRIPS Plus provisions has the potential to extend drug monopolies and limit the availability of generics, which in turn may hinder people's access to affordable medicines
References
Bing, H. (2021). Global Development Policy Center TRIPS-plus Rules in International Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines Chinese Perspectives and Practices. www.bu.edu/gdp
Correa, C. M. (2017). Mitigating The Regulatory Constraints Imposed By Intellectual Property Rules Under Free Trade Agreements.
Diependaele, L., Cockbain, J., & Sterckx, S. (2017). Raising The Barriers To Access To Medicines In The Developing World – The Relentless Push For Data Exclusivity. Developing World Bioethics, 17(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12105
European Commission. (2016). Dokumen CIRCABC terkait negosiasi/peraturan digital trade atau CEPA. European Commission.
European Commission. (2020, March 12). Trade Barrier ID 16046 . Trade.Ec.Europa.Eu.
Indonesia AIDS Coalition. (2024, July 1). I-EU CEPA negotiations hijack democratic rights and ignore potentional impacts on society. Bilaterals.Org. https://www.bilaterals.org/?i-eu-cepa-negotiations-hijack&lang=en
Indonesia for Global Justice. (2019, September 5). Kenaikan Iuran BPJS Kesehatan Bukan Solusi Atasi Defisit. Indonesia for Global Justice.
Indonesia for Global Justice. (2021, November 11). Lebih dari 90 Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil Internasional Mendesak Uni Eropa Menghapus TRIPS Plus dalam Indonesia EU CEPA. Indonesia for Global Justice.
Micara, A. G. (2012). TRIPS ‐plus Border Measures and Access to Medicines. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 15(1), 73–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2011.00431.x
Oxfam America. (2007, April 3). Oxfam: Research and Publications: All Costs, No Benefits.
Perehudoff, K., Durán, C., Demchenko, I., Mazzanti, V., Parwani, P., Suleman, F., & de Ruijter, A. (2021). Impact of the European Union on access to medicines in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 9, 100219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100219
Sell, S. K. (2007). TRIPS Plus Free Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines. Liverpool Law Review, 41–75.
Sparringa, R. (2015). Indonesia Pharmaceuticals 2015. https://www.gbreports.com/publication/indonesia-pharmaceuticals-2015
Tenni, B., Moir, H. V. J., Townsend, B., Kilic, B., Farrell, A.-M., Keegel, T., & Gleeson, D. (2022). What is the impact of intellectual property rules on access to medicines? A systematic review. Globalization and Health, 18(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00826-4
