The Effect of Nutritious Food Programs for Students and Working Mothers on Household Expenditures and Income in Elementary Schools

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Nutritious Food Program for Students and the Nutritious Food Program for Working Mothers on household expenditure and income in elementary schools in Tamalate District, Makassar City. A quantitative approach was used with the PLS-SEM analysis method, while data were collected through questionnaires distributed to students and parents or guardians involved in the Tamalate SPPG program. The results showed that both programs had a positive and significant impact on household economic conditions. The Nutritious Food Program for Students was proven to have a stronger influence in reducing daily family expenditure, considering that the provision of food at school directly replaced part of the household consumption needs. Meanwhile, the Nutritious Food Program for Working Mothers contributed to increasing family income stability by increasing mothers' energy, productivity, and work ability. The research model was able to explain 59% of the variation in household expenditure and income variables, demonstrating substantial predictive power. These findings confirm that nutrition interventions not only impact health but also serve as an effective economic strategy for low-income families in urban areas, particularly in Tamalate