Xerostomia as a Side Effect of Antihypertensive Drug Use: A Literature Review

Ana Medawati; Asyvia Nurita Sari

doi:10.55927/ijis.v4i11.670

Authors

Ana Medawati Universitas Muhammmadiyah Yogyakarta
Asyvia Nurita Sari Universitas Muhammmadiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v4i11.670

Keywords:

Xerostomia, Antihypertensive Drugs, Hypertension

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic disease with a risk of serious complications requiring long-term treatment, which often causes side effects such as xerostomia. Xerostomia, a sensation of dry mouth due to reduced saliva production, often occurs in patients with hypertension taking CCBs or ACE inhibitors and can reduce quality of life and oral health. Methods: This literature review selected five articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar within the past five years using the keywords "Hypertension," "Antihypertensive Drugs," and "xerostomia" individually or in combination. Results: Five cross-sectional studies were selected, with results describing the distribution of study subjects, findings related to xerostomia, and the types of anti-hypertensive medications studied. Discussion: Xerostomia in patients with hypertension often occurs as a side effect of antihypertensive medications—ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), which decrease salivary flow through their effects on the autonomic nervous system and fluid balance. This condition can lead to impaired oral function and a worsening of quality of life, especially in older individuals. Hence, management includes photo-biomodulation therapy, the use of saliva substitutes, hydration education, and medication adjustments, if necessary, with regular monitoring to prevent complications. Conclusion: Antihypertensive drugs—ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCBs)—can cause xerostomia, especially in older people, which reduces quality of life and increases the risk of oral complications

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