Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Dental Students' Macronutrient Intake, Nutritional Status, and Immune System in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v3i2.77Keywords:
Covid-19, Nutritional, YogyakartaAbstract
This research aims to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake, nutritional status, and the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional analytical observational study involved 89 UMY class of 2018 dental students and employed total sampling. BMI measured nutritional status; FFQ was calibrated with a 24-hour meal recall questionnaire to assess macronutrient intake; and ISQ assessed the immune system. Data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. The findings indicated that protein (48.3%), fat (49.4%), and carbohydrates (93.3%) were the most lacking in respondents’ macronutrients. Nutrition was normal (65.2%), and immunological function was unchanged (75.3%). Protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake did not affect the immune system (p=0.281, 0.128, and 0.648), and nutrition and immunity have a significant relationship (p=0.000)
References
Adijaya, O., & Bakti, A. P. (2021). PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUNITAS TUBUH DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19 Okta Adijaya Ananda Perwira Bakti. Jurnal Kesehatan Olahraga, 51–60.
Alam, I., Almajwal, A. M., Alam, W., Alam, I., Ullah, N., Abulmeaaty, M., Razak, S., Khan, S., Pawelec, G., & Paracha, P. I. (2019). The immune-nutrition interplay in aging – facts and controversies. Nutrition and Healthy Aging, 5(2), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-170034
Angraini, D. I., & Ayu, R. P. (2014). The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Immunonutrition Intake With Immunity Status. Juke, 4(8), 158–165.
Bourke, C. D., Berkley, J. A., & Prendergast, A. J. (2016). Immune Dysfunction as a Cause and Consequence of Malnutrition. Trends in Immunology, 37(6), 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2016.04.003
Carpenter, K., Strohacker, K., & McFarlin, B. (2013). Considerations to maximize fat mass gain in a mouse model of diet-induced weight gain. Laboratory Animals, 47(4), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677213501658
Chand, V. (2020). Nutrition as a Key Weapon in Strengthening Immune System Relative to Pandemic Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Review. Journal of Health Sciences and Research (Www.Ijhsr.Org), 10(8), 96.
Chandra, R. (1997). Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66(2), 460S-463S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.2.460S
Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Ramos-Campo, D. J., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Dalamitros, A. A., Nikolaidis, P. A., Hormeño-Holgado, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2021). Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 13(6), 1924. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061924
Cornia, I. G., & Adriani, M. (2018). Hubungan Antara Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dan Status Gizi dengan Kebugaran Jasmani Mahasiswa UKM Taekwondo. Amerta Nutrition, 2(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v2i1.2018.90-96
Devaguru, A., Gada, S., Potpalle, D., Dinesh Eshwar, M., & Purwar, D. (2023). The Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Among Newborn Babies and Its Associated Maternal Risk Factors: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38587
Dewi Rahmawati, N. I., & Rakhma, L. R. (2024). The Association Between Energy Adequacy Level And Physical Activity With Nutritional Status In Adolescents At Walisongo High School, Ketanggungan. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(7), 5612–5629. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i7.1211
Ebrahimzadeh-Attari, V., Panahi, G., Hebert, J. R., Ostadrahimi, A., Saghafi-Asl, M., Lotfi-Yaghin, N., & Baradaran, B. (2021). Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals. Health Promotion Perspectives, 11(2), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.17
Fatmah. (2006). Respons imunitas yang rendah pada tubuh manusia usia lanjut. Makara Seri Kesehatan, 10(1), 47–53.
Fitriani, R. (2020). Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang, Citra Tubuh, Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro dengan Status Gizi pada Siswa SMA Negeri 86 Jakarta. Journal Health & Science : Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community, 4(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.35971/gojhes.v4i1.5041
Fitriyah, N., & Setyaningtyas, S. W. (2021). HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ENERGI, MAKRONUTRIEN, ZINK DAN FE DENGAN UNDERWEIGHT PADA IBU DAN BALITA DI DESA SUWARI BAWEAN, GRESIK. Media Gizi Kesmas, 10(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v10i1.2021.56-62
Galmés, S., Serra, F., & Palou, A. (2020). Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients, 12(9), 2738. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092738
Iddir, M., Brito, A., Dingeo, G., Fernandez Del Campo, S. S., Samouda, H., La Frano, M. R., & Bohn, T. (2020). Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients, 12(6), 1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061562
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 41 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang.
Mentella, M. C., Scaldaferri, F., Gasbarrini, A., & Miggiano, G. A. D. (2021). The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients, 13(4), 1093. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041093
Noviyanti, R. D., & Sarbini, D. (2010). Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Status Imunitas Anak Balita Di RW VII Kelurahan Sewu, Kecamatan Jebres, Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan, 3(1), 58–65.
PH, L., Mubin, M. F., & Basthomi, Y. (2020). “Learning Task” Attributable to Students’ Stress During the Pandemic Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(2), 203–208.
Pratami, T. J., Widajanti, L., & Aruben, R. (2016). Hubungan Penerapan Prinsip Pedoman Gizi Seimbang Dengan Status Gizi Mahasiswa S1 Departemen Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 4(4), 561–569.
Raqib, R., Alam, D. S., Sarker, P., Ahmad, S. M., Ara, G., Yunus, M., Moore, S. E., & Fuchs, G. (2007). Low birth weight is associated with altered immune function in rural Bangladeshi children: a birth cohort study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(3), 845–852. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.3.845
Roring, N. M., Posangi, J., & Manampiring, A. E. (2020). Hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan intensitas olahraga dengan status gizi. Jurnal Biomedik:JBM, 12(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.12.2.2020.29442
Rust, P., & Ekmekcioglu, C. (2023). The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075400
Salsabilla, S. (2017). HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI DENGAN SIKAP MENGKONSUMSI MAKANAN SEHAT SISWA SMK. Keluarga: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30738/keluarga.v3i1.1958
Scanlan, J. M., Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., Savage, M., & Ochs, H. D. (2001). Lymphocyte proliferation is associated with gender, caregiving, and psychosocial variables in older adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24(6), 537–559. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012987226388
Siagian, A. (2005). Lycopen Senyawa Fitokimia pada Tomat dan Semangka. Info Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 121–124.
Sukendra, D. M. (2015). Efek Olahraga Ringan Pada Fungsi Imunitas Terhadap Mikroba Patogen: Infeksi Virus Dengue. Jurnal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 5(2), 57–65.
Unawekla, J. V., Moeis, E. S., & Langi, Y. A. (2018). Hubungan antara Status Gizi dan Sistem Imun Seluler pada Subyek Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium V Hemodialisis di Instalasi Tindakan Hemodialisis RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. E-CliniC, 6(1).
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v6i1.18682
Wanty, W., Widyastuti, N., & Purbosari, E. (2017). Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Status Gizi, dan Status Imun pada Vegetarian dan Non-Vegetarian. Journal of Nutrition College, 6(3), 234. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v6i3.16915
Weston, S., & Frieman, M. B. (2020). COVID-19: Knowns, Unknowns, and Questions. MSphere, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00203-20
Wijayanti, A., Margawati, A., & Wijayanti, H. S. (2019). Hubungan stres, perilaku makan, dan asupan zat gizi dengan status gizi pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Journal of Nutrition College, 8(1), 1–8.
Wilod Versprille, L. J. F., van de Loo, A. J. A. E., Mackus, M., Arnoldy, L., Sulzer, T. A. L., Vermeulen, S. A., Abdulahad, S., Huls, H., Baars, T., Scholey, A., Kraneveld, A. D., Garssen, J., & Verster, J. C. (2019). Development and validation of the immune status questionnaire (ISQ). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234743
Zeng, Q.-L., Yu, Z.-J., Ji, F., Li, G.-M., Zhang, G.-F., Xu, J.-H., Lin, W.-B., Zhang, G.-Q., Li, G.-T., Cui, G.-L., & Wang, F.-S. (2021). Dynamic changes in liver function parameters in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicentre, retrospective study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 818. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06572-z
